<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="162" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/items/show/162?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-04-22T11:03:11+00:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="129">
      <src>https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/76f3ec059c2729a97f3933246126847f.pdf</src>
      <authentication>128716a9b7ac404ec86ad3a7956e72ce</authentication>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="17">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24">
                <text>Out of Print Books on Namibia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25">
                <text>This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <itemType itemTypeId="1">
    <name>Text</name>
    <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
  </itemType>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1204">
              <text>Bush Encroachment in Namibia: Report on Phase 1 of the bush Encroachment Research, Monitoring and Management Project</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1205">
              <text>"Bush encroachment is defined as “the invasion and/or thickening of aggressive undesired woody species resulting in an imbalance of the grass:bush ratio, a decrease in biodiversity, and a decrease in carrying capacity”, causing severe economic losses for Namibia – in both the commercial (freehold) and communal (nonfreehold) farming areas. The phenomenon of bush encroachment in Namibian savannas is seen to be part of the process of desertification. The main species causing the encroachment problem are Acacia mellifera subsp. detinens (Black thorn), Dichrostachys cineria (Sickle bush), Terminalia sericea (Silver terminalia), Terminalia prunioides (Purple-pod terminalia), Acacia erubescens (Blue thorn), Acacia reficiens (False umbrella thorn1) and Colophospermum mopane (Mopane). Prosopis species also occur in high densities, mainly in the Nossob, Olifants and Auob Rivers and are spreading outside the river lines into the Kalahari. Large areas in the southern parts of the country are also affected by mainly Rhigozum trichotomum (Three thorn) and even Black thorn. Phase 1 of the Bush Encroachment Research, Monitoring and Management Project was launched to determine • the causes of bush encroachment • the methods most suitable to combat invader bush • the impact of problem bushes on land productivity, biodiversity and the socio-economic situation of farmers • the best methods to monitor long-term changes in terms of bush densities and composition • shortcomings in existing policies and legislation related to the problem, and to propose policy reform, and • outputs such as creating an awareness about bush encroachment and networking to combat the problem."</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1206">
              <text>J.N. de Klerk</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1207">
              <text>Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of the Republic of Namibia</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="42">
          <name>Format</name>
          <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1208">
              <text>PDF</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1209">
              <text>2004</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="44">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description>A language of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1210">
              <text>English</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
  <tagContainer>
    <tag tagId="1">
      <name>Agriculture</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="450">
      <name>Bush Clearing</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="451">
      <name>Bush Encroachment</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="345">
      <name>Environment</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="452">
      <name>Forestry</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="453">
      <name>J.N. de Klerk</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="454">
      <name>Policy</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="455">
      <name>Soil</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="456">
      <name>Veld</name>
    </tag>
  </tagContainer>
</item>
