1 20 38 https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/4c9f94e15e0510caac15e5e78b1309b7.pdf a063635b5d42ee43c2ece9d534537722 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Witchcraft and Sorcery in Ovambo Description An account of the resource The Finnish missionaries in Northern Namibia have enriched anthropology and the study of religions with a unique collection of material on the Ovambo traditions. Now for the first time, these extraordinarily rich stories are presented in English, by Maija Hiltunen, nee Tuupainen, who in this volume concentrates on the phenomena of witchcraft and sorcery among the Ovambo at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maija Hiltunen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Finnish Anthropological Society (Suomen Antropologinen Seura) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © Maija Hiltunen Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Language A language of the resource English Anthropology Christianity Colonization Finland Maija Hiltunen Religion Witchcraft https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/22e4942fc2f1117f7cc9e8fe3a6af17e.pdf 650bf57c7e1035fb7712cd4942f40287 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource What Makes Borders Real : In the Namibia-Zambia and Uganda-South Sudan Borderlands Description An account of the resource PhD Dissertation - "Some argue that the territorial boundaries of African countries, having largely survived the transition to independence, are now like a poorly tailored suit: It does not fit in many places but African leaders have by and large accepted that they and their societies must somehow try to wear it. But has history stood still since independence? What is the everyday reality of those who live with these inherited colonial boundaries today? This dissertation investigates how competing claims of territory, authority and citizenship are negotiated between state representatives and residents in the Namibia-Zambia and Uganda-South Sudan borderlands. It asks: What kinds of governance regimes result from these negotiations? From considering these questions emerges the argument that borders do not only exist as an abstract construct, separate from or above the people and territories they are supposed to separate. Borderland actors in the study regions instead actively engage, challenge and thereby reshape the state, over time and repeatedly. They contribute to fine-tuning the state in ways that do not necessarily undermine or hollow it out. However, there are clear differences in how this happens between the more peaceful setting of the Namibia-Zambia borderland, with its annual rhythm of life patterned according to the seasonal rise and fall of the Zambezi river, and the Uganda-South Sudan borderland, where the memory of recent and fear of future large-scale organised violence strongly affect daily life. This dissertation consists of two articles published in peer-reviewed journals and two chapters published in peer-reviewed edited volumes in 2007-2013, and a synopsis which discusses these works comparatively and introduces their wider conceptual framework. Toisinaan kuulee väitettävän, että Afrikan valtioiden alueelliset rajat, jotka ovat lähes samat kuin ennen itsenäistymistä, ovat nykyään kuin kuin huonosti räätälöity puku: se ei istu kehuttavasti, mutta Afrikan poliittiset johtajat ovat kuitenkin päättäneet käyttää sitä. Mutta onko historia jämähtänyt paikoilleen sitten itsenäistymisen? Millaista on niiden ihmisten arki, jotka elävät nykyään siirtomaavalta-ajan peruja olevilla raja-alueilla? Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan, miten valtion hallinnon edustajat ja paikalliset asukkaat sovittelevat alueeseen, hallintoon ja kansalaisuuteen liittyviä näkemyksiään ja käytäntöjään Namibian ja Sambian sekä Ugandan ja Etelä-Sudanin välisillä raja-alueilla. Keskeisenä kysymyksenä on, millaisia hallintotapoja tästä syntyy. Näiden kysymysten tarkastelun perusteella voidaan väittää, etteivät rajat ole pelkkiä abstrakteja käsitteitä erillään tai yläpuolella niistä ihmisistä ja alueista, jotka niiden pitäisi erottaa. Tarkastelluilla raja-alueilla asukkaat ovat aktiivisia ja haastavat käytännöillään hallintojärjestelmän ja muovaavat omalta osaltaan valtiota. He osallistuvat virallisten hallintotapojen hienosäätöön tavoilla, jotka eivät välttämättä heikennä tai rappeuta sitä. Käytännöissä on kuitenkin selkeitä eroja: Namibian ja Sambian välisellä, melko rauhallisella raja-alueella, vuotuista elämänrytmiä hallitsee Sambesi-joen nousu ja lasku, kun taas Ugandan ja Etelä-Sudanin välisellä raja-alueella väkivaltainen lähimenneisyys ja pelko sen toistumisesta vaikuttaa voimakkaasti ihmisten arkeen. Tämä väitöskirja muodostuu kahdesta artikkelista, jotka ovat ilmestyneet vertaisarvioidussa aikakauskirjassa sekä kahdesta luvusta, jotka on julkaistu vertaisarvioiduissa teoksissa vuosina 2007-2013. Mukana on tiivistelmä, jossa näitä tekstejä käsitellään suhteessa toisiinsa ja esitellään laajempi käsitteellinen viitekehys." 978-952-10-9155-1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wolfgang Zeller Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Helsinki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/153542 Caprivi Finland Germany Helsinki Katima Mulilo Sudan Wolfgang Zeller Zambia https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/912fea47cb310467a358ee3fc03d355b.pdf 44552b8fef9c507ac92b7ef358999957 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trade and Socioeconomic Change in Ovamboland, 1850-1906 Description An account of the resource "Ovamboland, located in northern Namibia, was the most important battlefield in the Namibians, long struggle for independence. Althought nearly half of the country\'s population lives in Ovamboland, the history of the Ovambo communities has been a neglected area in research on Namibian history. Research has been hindered particularly by the scarcity and dispersion of source materials. By emploing the hitherto unutilized sources of the Finnish Missionary Society Archive, Harri Siiskonen's dissertation opens up an entirely new perspective on the colorful history of Ovamboland." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harri Siiskonen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Suomen Historiallanen Seura Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Language A language of the resource English Church Evangelical Lutheran Church Finland Harri Siiskonen Missionaries Ovamboland Trade https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/c18d73f281a6f4b0148cbf5d533652f0.pdf 86ecf221ac743ab9a38bb205b4a7f4f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tourism-Development Nexus in Namibia : A Study on National Tourism Policy and Local Tourism Enterprises' Policy Knowledge Description An account of the resource PhD Dissertation - "The tourism development nexus in southern Africa involves highly topical issues related to tourism planning, power relations, community participation, and natural resources. Namibia offers a particularly interesting context for the study of these issues due to its colonial legacy, vast tourism potential, recently adopted tourism policy and community-based approaches to tourism and natural resource management. This study is an interdisciplinary endeavour to analyse the role of tourism in Namibia s post-apartheid transformation process by focusing on Namibian tourism policy and local tourism enterprises' policy knowledge. Major attention is paid to how the tourism policy's national development objectives are understood and conceptualised by the representatives of different tourism enterprises and the ways in which they relate to the practical needs of the enterprises. Through such local policy knowledge the study explores various opportunities, challenges and constraints related to the promotion of tourism as a development strategy. The study utilises a political economy approach to tourism and development through three current and interrelated discourses which are relevant in the Namibian context. These are tourism, power and inequality, tourism and sustainable development, and tourism and poverty reduction. The qualitative research material was gathered in Namibia in 2006-2007 and 2008. This material consists of 34 semi-structured interviews in 16 tourism enterprises, including private trophy hunting farms and private lodges, small tour operators and community-based tourism enterprises. In addition, the research material consists of observations in the enterprises, and 37 informal and 23 expert interviews. The findings indicate that in the light of local tourism enterprises the tourism policy objectives appear more complex and ambiguous. Furthermore, they involve multiple meanings and interpretations which reflect the socio-economic stratification of the informants and Namibian society, together with the professional stratification of the tourism enterprises and restrictions on the capacity of tourism to address the development objectives. In the light of such findings it is obvious that aspects of power and inequality affect the tourism development nexus in Namibia. The study concludes that, as in the case of other southern African countries, in order to promote sustainable development and reduce poverty, Namibia should not only target tourism growth but pay attention to who benefits from that growth and how. From a political economy point of view, it is important that prevailing structural challenges are addressed equally in the planning of tourism, development and natural resource management. Such approach would help the Namibian majority to enjoy the benefits of increasing tourism in the country. Matkailun ja kehityksen välinen suhde eteläisessä Afrikassa heijastaa ajankohtaisia kysymyksiä matkailun suunnittelusta, valtasuhteista, paikallisten yhteisöjen osallistumisesta ja luonnonvaroista. Namibia sopii oivallisesti näiden kysymysten tarkasteluun maan poliittisen historian, matkailupotentiaalin, tuoreen matkailupolitiikan ja yhteisöpohjaisten lähestymistapojensa johdosta. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee matkailun roolia Namibian itsenäisyyden jälkeisessä kehityksessä kansallisen matkailupolitiikan ja paikallisten matkailutoimijoiden politiikkatietämyksen valossa. Tutkimus selvittää miten eri matkailuyritysten edustajat ymmärtävät ja käsitteellistävät matkailupolitiikan sisältämiä kansallisia kehitystavoitteita. Paikallisen politiikkatietämyksen kautta tutkimus tarkastelee matkailuun kehitysstrategiana liittyviä mahdollisuuksia, haasteita ja rajoituksia. Tutkimus lähestyy matkailun ja kehityksen välistä suhdetta poliittisen taloustieteen näkökulmasta kolmen ajankohtaisen ja toisiinsa kytkeytyvän diskurssin kautta, jotka soveltuvat erityisesti Namibian kontekstiin. Ne ovat matkailu, valta ja eriarvoisuus, matkailu ja kestävä kehitys sekä matkailu ja köyhyyden vähentäminen. Laadullinen tutkimusaineisto on kerätty Namibiassa 2006-2007 ja 2008. Se koostuu 34 teemahaastattelusta 16 matkailuyrityksessä, joihin lukeutuvat yksityiset metsästystilat ja majatalot, pienyrittäjä-matkanjärjestäjät sekä yhteisöpohjaiset matkailuyritykset. Lisäksi aineisto koostuu matkailuyritysten havainnoinnista ja 37 epävirallisesta sekä 23 asiantuntijahaastattelusta. Tutkimus osoittaa, että paikallisten matkailuyritysten valossa matkailupolitiikan kehitystavoitteet ovat monimutkaisempia ja tulkinnanvaraisempia. Niihin liittyy erilaisia merkityksiä ja tulkintoja, jotka heijastavat haastateltujen matkailuyrittäjien ja Namibian yhteiskunnan sosio-taloudellista kerrostuneisuutta sekä haastateltavien ammatillista kerrostuneisuutta ja matkailun rajoittuneisuutta kansallisten kehitystavoitteiden edistämisessä. Näiden tulosten valossa valtaan ja eriarvoisuuteen liittyvät kysymykset vaikuttavat keskeisesti matkailun ja kehityksen väliseen suhteeseen Namibiassa. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä on, että kestävän kehityksen ja köyhyyden vähentämisen edistämiseksi Namibian ei tulisi ainoastaan keskittyä kasvattamaan matkailua ja sen talousvaikutuksia, vaan huomiota tulisi kiinnittää yhtälailla siihen, ketkä hyötyvät matkailun kasvusta ja millä tavoin. Poliittisen taloustieteen näkökulmasta on tärkeää, että vallitseviin rakenteellisiin ongelmiin puututaan sekä matkailun ja kehityksen suunnittelussa että luonnonvarojen hallinnoinnissa. Tällainen lähetysmistapa edesauttaisi Namibian enemmistön hyötymistä lisääntyvästä matkailusta." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julia Jänis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Helsinki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/27778 Development Finland Helsinki Julia Jänis Political Economy Tourism https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/fad37058a045720eca51c9fab71ac02b.pdf f98004a52e692c4ac7976b28fddc8fef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Namibian Autobiographies Description An account of the resource This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Price of Freedom Description An account of the resource "It was an early Sunday morning in April 1976, my heart was heavy, but in my head I could hear sounds of of early morning birds wishing me a safe journey. I was determined to leave Namibia. I silently slipped out of the homestead, walked across the military camp into the pastor's homestead, where my friend lived. We quickly joined the others in the nearby forest in Eenhana, where we were briefed by two unknown men about how to get to the heavily guarded and fenced border between Angola and Namibia." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ellen Ndeshi Namhila Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available New Namibia Books Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © Ellen Ndeshi Namhila, 1997 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997 Language A language of the resource English Autobiography Camps Cassinga Ellen Ndeshi Namhila Exile Finland Gender Independence liberation struggle Libraries memoir refugees SWAPO Tampere Werner Hillebrecht Women https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/00ee58cb9350eaa9e2d6511912f56039.pdf 1346be4fc35dafd49e5236811c4d2e70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ovambogefahr: The Ovamboland Reservation in the Making - Political Responses of the Kingdom of Ondonga to the German Colonial Power, 1884-1910 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martti Eirola Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pohjois-Suomen Historiallinen Yhdistys Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Language A language of the resource English Finland Finnish Missionary Society German Colonialism Martti Eirola Missionary Ondonga Oulu Ovamboland https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/45d084102b9b69a3947d42722d6cac85.pdf fe40aacae383e619cca10d97fdeaf403 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The need and use of community library services in Namibia Description An account of the resource M.A. Thesis - "The overall aim of this study is to investigate the use of community libraries in Namibia. The study aims at finding solid data on the actual use of community libraries, who needs them and what do they need them for. Main questions addressed in the study are as follows: (i) Who are the users of Namibian community libraries? (ii) For which purposes do people use the services provided by community libraries? (iii) In which ways do the users´ demographic characteristics relate to the purposes of use? (iv) Which are the main usage patterns of the community libraries? (v) What are the needs for the development of the services of community libraries based on the suggestions and problems experienced by library users? The study was carried out as a survey in three community libraries in North-Central Namibia. The libraries were chosen to represent community libraries in the previously disadvantages regions to represent the majority of Namibian population and provide information on emerging user needs and usage patterns. The empirical data on demographic characteristics of all users and services used in those libraries was gathered during six days in October-November 2003. The data was analysed using frequencies of variables and a their cross tabulation. The working hypothesis of the study was that Namibian community libraries have changed from the pre-independence Anglo-American model of recreational and cultural institution and lending library mainly used for leisure reading and borrowing out fiction and hobby type of books, to a primarily educational institution. The hypothesis was clearly supported by the data on the users and usage patterns from the case libraries. Almost 70% of the users in the three case libraries were learners and students. Community library was mainly used as a learning place, to study and do school work in the library. The other main functions used by varied groups of the community were photocopy service and public ICT access. Although lending continued to be a way of using the library it was not the major usage pattern. 64% of users did not borrow books and only 1.5% of clients used the library only for borrowing. The main usage pattern of the community library as a study place and the most popular resources: textbooks, photocopy service and public ICT access, were interpreted to respond to important educational and socio-economic needs of Namibian communities. " Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ritva Niskala Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Tampere Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/79357 Finland Information Science Libraries Ritva Niskala Tampere https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/ec2270edf2be63ea1f7640fd6907fab7.pdf 5ff4ce110296be922e31403c1d8f704b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost May Day: Namibian Workers Struggle for Independence Description An account of the resource "Why did Namibian trade unions lose a large part of their newly gained popularity after independence in 1990? The first May Day celebrations barely six weeks after independence was a flop. In Namibia, the colonial period did not create a large working class living solely on wages. The civil society is still in its infancy. After independence, ethnic considerations have gained new importance, because political leaders need constituencies. This has created conflict between ethnic groups and the government, which is pursuing a nationalistic policy. Trying to understand these developments, this study discusses class, race, ethnicity, and nationalism in their Namibian and African context. Political aspects of ethnicity and a situationality of identities have shown their relevancy to the problems of this study. Based on interviews and the author's actual participation in the process, this study throws a fascinating light in the birth of a nation." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pekka Peltola Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Finnish Anthropological Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © Pekka Peltola, 1995 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Language A language of the resource English Contract Labor Exile Finland Independence Labour liberation struggle Nationalism NUNW Pekka Peltola Strike SWAPO Unions https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/248d9139f7ba8555ff9af9ac1c15d8eb.pdf 68f159766f98e40beb2d0241accaaa2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Cultural and Social Change in Ovamboland, 1870-1915 Description An account of the resource "The starting point of this study were the discussions among the Finnish research-workers interested in Africa. On the basis of the above description, they felt it necessary to start an interdisciplinary program into the former South West Africa. Preparations continued in March 1981, when the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies organized a Seminar in Espoo on the topic "Namibia and the Nordic Countries". The next step was taken in May 1982, when the Institute of Developing Studies and the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies arranged in Hyytiälä a meeting of Africa research in Finland." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martti Eirola, Seppo Rytkönen, Harri Siiskonen, Seppo Sivonen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Joensuu Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Language A language of the resource English and Finnish Archives Evangelical Lutheran Church Finland Harri Siiskonen Joensuu Martti Eirola Missionary Ovamboland Seppo Rytkönen Seppo Sivonen https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/ccaf60622d0121be7686c0d977b2868e.pdf 40bf5d1f0993e0f50e96302234c64077 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Suomalaisten lähetystyöntekijöiden toiminta ja kokemukset nälänhädän aikana Ambomaalla vuosina 1928–33 Description An account of the resource Trans: "Finnish Missionaries' Activities and Experiences during the Famine in Ovamboland, 1928-33." - Master's Dissertation: University of Eastern Finland - Tutkimustiedote Joensuun yliopisto Yhteiskunta- ja aluetieteiden tiedekunta/Yleinen historia Lisa Nyholm Suomalaisten lähetystyöntekijöiden toiminta ja kokemukset nälänhädän aikana Ambomaalla vuosina 1928–33 Pro gradu –tutkielma, 83 sivua, sekä lähteet ja tutkimuskirjallisuus. Yhteensä 87 sivua. joulukuu 2008 Tutkielman kohteena ovat suomalaisten lähetystyöntekijöiden työn muutokset, sekä heidän kokemuksensa vuosien 1929-1930 nälänhädästä. Tutkielma käsittelee nälänhädän kontekstissa myös lähetystyöntekijöiden suhtautumista paikalliseen väestöön eli amboihin, sekä lähettien suhteita Lounais-Afrikan siirtomaahallintoon. Aikarajaus tutkielmalle on 1928- 1933, sillä tarkoituksena on nimenomaan pyrkiä vertailemaan muutosta ennen, sekä jälkeen koetun kriisin. Lähteinä on käytetty Suomen Lähetysseuran tallettamaa materiaalia. Pääosan lähteistä muodostaa lähettien kokousten pöytäkirjat, jotka sisältävät muun muassa lähettien vuosiraportteja kentältä. Lisäksi on käytetty lähettien henkilökohtaisia kokoelmia eli kirjeenvaihtoa ja omia muistiinpanoja. Suomen Lähetysseuran lähteiden lisäksi tutkielmassa on hyödynnetty Lounais-Afrikan Kansainliitolle toimittamia vuosiraportteja hallituksen toiminnasta mm. Ambomaalla. Nälänhätä mullisti lähetystyöntekijöiden työnkuvan. Perinteisten työmuotojen, kuten koulu-, sairaanhoito- ja saarnatyön, kärsiessä varojen puutteesta ja haastavista olosuhteista, nousi uusia tapoja viedä kristinuskoa eteenpäin. Esimerkiksi hätäaputyömaat toimivat keinona saada lisää kuulijakuntaa kristinuskolle. Kuivuus kiristi lähettien ja paikallisten välejä. Lisääntyneet kirkosta eroamiset ja suomalaisten silmissä ei-kristilliset tavat aiheuttivat katkeruutta ja syytöksiä. Hallituksen suunnalla nälänhätä toimi yhteistyön tiivistäjänä. Lounais-Afrikan hallitus oli aktiivisesti liennyttämässä kriisiä ja lähetit olivat keskeinen yhteistyökumppani kentällä. Avainsanat: Nälänhätä, Suomen Lähetysseura, lähetti, Ambomaa, ambo, hätäaputyö, LounaisAfrikka. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lisa Nyholm Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Joensuun yliopisto (University of Eastern Finland) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Language A language of the resource Finnish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:joy-20090006 Church Evangelical Lutheran Church Famine Finland Finnish Missionary Society Joensuu Lisa Nyholm Mission Missionaries Ovamboland https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/2618f2bf1753a2e815aa106bd3c3efdf.pdf 72a53afbeafdea3c758e8fa012073f4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Studying the Northern Namibian Past Description An account of the resource Research Seminar in Tvärminne, 2-4 December 1985 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harri Siiskonen (ed.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Joensuun Yliopiston Offsetpaino, 1986 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © University of Joensuu (probably) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Language A language of the resource English Brigitte Lau Christiane O. Kisiedu Finland Harri Siiskonen Henning Melber Joensuu Juhani Koponen Kaire Mbuende Märta Salokoski Martti Eirola Missionary Ovamboland Peter Katjavivi Richard Moorsom Seppo Rytkönen https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/31a6eeb40951e0ac5737ab642efca682.pdf 12b2f584f541e597c252edd1eab6b543 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reintegration as Recognition: Ex-combatant and veteran politics in Namibia Description An account of the resource PhD Dissertation - "This is a study of Namibian ex-combatant and veteran policies after the country s transition to independence in 1990. Instead of assessing the successfulness of reintegration against its stated objectives or the perspective of post-conflict policy discourses, it examines the politics of reintegration as a process of multiform negotiation over recognition and entitlements for the ex-combatants, and political authority and legitimacy for party and government leaders. The study interrogates the ways in which this process reflects and contributes to postcolonial Namibian politics, state formation and citizenship. It is based on nine months of fieldwork in 2002, 2003 and 2009 and its main sources include ethnographic observation, life historical interviews with ex-combatants, thematic interviews with politicians and civil servants, grey literature as well as Namibian newspapers and internet sources. The study finds that instead of being a neutral exercise in post-conflict management and peacebuilding, Namibian reintegration has been motivated by more exclusive ideas of the nation and by the special bond between the ruling party and the former liberation movement Swapo and its formerly exiled cadres. This close tie and the characterization of Swapo combatants as heroes who hold a special place in the Namibian narrative of national liberation have repeatedly enabled Swapo ex-combatants to demand recognition, employment, monetary compensation and other benefits. Coupled with this, the relative strength of the Namibian state and economy has made it possible to plan and implement ex-combatant reintegration as a predominantly domestic process without the close involvement of international agencies. Hence, it has been possible to diverge from mainstream disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes and attempt to solve the ex-combatant question by broad-based public employment. After most ex-combatants were employed in the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, their demands and policy responses shifted towards monetary compensation. The domestic character of Namibian reintegration also made it possible to implement ex-combatant and veteran policies selectively so that former Swapo exiles have gradually been transformed into an officially recognized group of veterans while their former enemies, Namibian fighters of South African surrogate forces, have been sidelined. This process of domestically driven, selective reintegration has multiple broad implications. First, as Namibia has recently emerged from a long period of violent conflict, security concerns and the imperative to control organized violence are clearly visible. The targeting of Swapo ex-combatants in reintegration and their recruitment to the public service, particularly the uniformed services, have relinked their fates with that of the Swapo government, pacifying them and making them useful in consolidating the hold of the regime over the security agencies and the marginal and frontier areas and populations. Indeed, a key reason why the demand politics of the ex-combatants have been so successful is that their interests have been largely congruent with the perceived interests of the political elite. Second, the tendency of Namibian reintegration to entrench involvement in liberationist history as a criterion of full membership in the political community, creating an ever-widening circle of veterans versus others, provides and interesting comparison with struggles over recognition and citizenship elsewhere in Africa which are often framed in terms of language, religion, ethnicity, race or historical origins. The movements thus generated may adopt anti-national stances but they are as likely to seek to reformulate and colonize nationalism itself. Namibian ex-combatant reintegration, on the other hand, exemplifies a situation where nationalism as a supposedly unifying force still has salience but has been appropriated by a particular narrative of belonging. Thus, instead of representing a break from inclusive citizenship towards increasingly codified particular identities that compete within the national space, the Namibian case demonstrates the coexistence of a legal concept of universal national citizenship with a pervasive ideology of national belonging. The latter, however, inherently contradicts the supposed universalism of legal citizenship. The long-term effects of Namibian veteran politics remain to be seen. On the one hand, the aim to reconcile and build a nation, evident in some of the decisions and statements associated with reintegration as well as in Namibian political discourse more generally, is countered by the persistence of pre-independence political logics and divisions, and a concentration of power according to liberationist fault lines. It is not surprising that a militant version of nationalism seems appealing to certain political elites in their bid to justify the current regime and entrench their own positions in it. On the other hand, in the long run the politics of ex-combatants and veterans may also offer a template for more broad-based demands that question entrenched patterns of economic and political privilege, and provoke responses that may lead towards more inclusive citizenship and more broadly legitimate authority. Tässä väitöskirjassa on tutkittu entisiä taistelijoita ja sotaveteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa Namibiassa, eteläisessä Afrikassa. Entisten taistelijoiden reintegrointi eli sopeuttaminen yhteiskuntaan on nykyään oleellinen osa konfliktien jälkeisten yhteiskuntien jälleenrakennusohjelmia. Työssä ei kuitenkaan tarkastella namibialaista entisiä taistelijoita ja veteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa ohjelmallisten onnistumisten tai epäonnistumisten näkökulmasta vaan osana laajempia valtionmuodostukseen ja kansalaisuuteen vaikuttavia poliittisia kehityskulkuja. Namibialainen veteraanipolitiikka näyttäytyy monimuotoisena ja pitkäaikaisena neuvotteluna toisaalta entisten taistelijoiden ja veteraanien ja toisaalta hallinnon ja valtapuolueen edustajien välillä, jossa yhteiskuntarauhaa ja poliittisen vallan oikeutusta on ostettu veteraanien tunnustamisella ja heille tarjotuilla eduilla. Työ perustuu yhteensä yhdeksän kuukauden kenttätyöhön Namibiassa vuosina 2002, 2003 ja 2009. Sen pääasiallisina lähteinä on käytetty etnografisia havaintoja, elämäntarinahaastatteluita, teemahaastatteluita, virallisia dokumentteja ja namibialaista mediaa. Työssä päädytään siihen, että entisiä taistelijoita koskeva yhteiskuntapolitiikka Namibiassa ei edusta neutraalia hallinnointia ja rauhanrakennusta, vaan juontuu maan lähihistoriasta kumpuavasta poissulkevasta kansallisuusaatteen tulkinnasta ja vapautusliikkeestä valtapuolueeksi muuntuneen Swapon ja sen maanpaossa eläneiden jäsenten välisestä pitkäaikaisesta erityissuhteesta. Tämä suhde ja Swapon veteraanien asema sankareina puolueen vaalimassa kansallisen vapautuksen tarinassa on yhä uudelleen suonut tälle veteraaniryhmälle mahdollisuuden vaatia tunnustusta, työtä, rahakorvauksia ja muita etuja. Koska Namibian valtion ja talouden suhteellinen vahvuus on tarjonnut maan hallinnolle vapauden suunnitella ja toteuttaa entisiä taistelijoita ja veteraaneja koskevaa politiikkaa verrattain itsenäisesti ja ilman mittavaa ulkopuolista puuttumista, pystyttiin Namibiassa poikkeamaan entisten taistelijoiden sopeuttamisen kansainvälisestä valtavirrasta tarjoamalla heille julkisen sektorin työpaikkoja. Laajamittainen työllistäminen ei kuitenkaan johtanut veteraanien vaatimusten loppumiseen vaan siirsi niiden painopisteen työstä rahakorvauksiin. Namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan kotoperäisyys on tehnyt mahdolliseksi myös sen valikoivan toteuttamisen; Swapon veteraaneista on vähitellen tullut vakiintunut, merkittävä intressiryhmä kun puolestaan heidän sodanaikaiset vihollisensa eli Etelä-Afrikan miehityshallinnon riveissä taistelleet namibialaiset ovat jääneet enimmäkseen syrjään. Yllämainituilla namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan toteutustavoilla on merkittäviä seurauksia. Ensinnäkin, Namibian itsenäistyminen pitkän väkivaltaisen konfliktin jälkeen ja siihen liittynyt poliittisen vallan vaihtuminen teki turvallisuudesta ja järjestyksestä keskeisiä kysymyksiä. Kohdistamalla veteraanipolitiikkansa ensisijaisesti omiin maanpaossa eläneisiin jäseniinsä ja työllistämällä heidät julkiselle sektorille, suureksi osaksi poliisiin ja asevoimiin, Swapon hallinto on sitouttanut heitä itseensä. Työllistäminen on myös kanavoinut heidän kykyään järjestäytyneen väkivallan käyttöön sellaisin tavoin, jotka ovat palvelleet valtion ja valtapuolueen vallan vakiinnuttamista alueilla, joilla se on aikaisemmin ollut heikko. Yksi olennainen syy sille, miksi Swapon veteraanit ovat toistuvasti saaneet vaatimuksensa hyväksytyiksi onkin ollut se, että heidän intressinsä ovat usein langenneet yksiin nykyisen poliittisen eliitin intressien kanssa. Toiseksi, namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan taipumus nostaa osallisuus vapaustaistelun historiaan poliittisen yhteisön täyden tai etuoikeutetun jäsenyyden ehdoksi ja siihen liittyvä veteraaniuden vähittäinen laajeneminen koskemaan yhä useampia ryhmiä tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen vertailukohdan kansalaisuutta koskeviin kamppailuihin muualla Afrikassa. Näiden kamppailujen ilmiasu perustuu usein kielellisiin, uskonnollisiin tai etnisiin erotteluihin tai paikalliseen alkuperään. Niissä saatetaan omaksua sellaisia erityisiä identiteettejä, jotka vastustavat jotain olemassa olevaa kansakunnan mallia, mutta ne saattavat myös pyrkiä määrittelemään kansallisuuden ja kansalaisuuden kriteerit uudelleen. Namibialainen veteraanipolitiikka puolestaan ilmentää tilannetta, jossa ajatuksella yhtenäisestä kansakunnasta on edelleen huomattava poliittinen merkitys, mutta se kansallisen vapautuksen kertomus, jolla tuo kansakunta on historiallisesti kuviteltu tarjoaa tietyille ryhmille toisia paremmat mahdollisuudet käytännössä sitoutua ja kuulua siihen. Toisin sanoen tämä namibialainen tapaus ei edusta yleisen ja yhtäläisen kansalaisuuden rapautumista yhä ahtaammin määriteltyjen erityisten ryhmäidentiteettien kilpakentäksi vaan pikemminkin tilannetta, jossa voimakas kansakuntaan kuulumisen kriteeristö määrittää periaatteessa tasavertaisen, perustuslakiin kirjatun namibialaisuuden käytännön sisältöä ja toteutumista. Namibialaisen veteraanipolitiikan pitkän ajan seuraukset jäävät nähtäviksi. Toisaalta sota-ajalta periytyvät poliittiset ajattelutavat ja ryhmäjaot sekä vallan kasautuminen niiden mukaan rajoittavat mahdollisuuksia rakentaa kansallista sovintoa ja yhtenäistä kansakuntaa. Toisaalta veteraanien painostuspolitiikan onnistuminen saattaa tarjota esikuvan muiden ryhmien vastaaville vaatimuksille ja nykyisten taloudellisten ja poliittisten etuoikeuksien kyseenalaistamiselle, mikä puolestaan voi johtaa esimerkiksi yhteiskuntapoliittisten mekanismien laajempaan kattavuuteen ja siten sellaiseen poliittiseen valtaan, jolla on nykyistä laajempi oikeutus." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lalli Metsola Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Helsinki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/154055 Finland Helsinki Koevoet Lalli Metsola PLAN Reconciliation SADF SWAPO SWATF https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/d66ba38ab83b5ca670275a300255f9fd.pdf e7e683f8873e6450432f33e25160d147 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recordkeeping and Missing “Native Estate” Records in Namibia: An Investigation of Colonial Gaps in a Post-colonial National Archive Description An account of the resource PhD Dissertation - "This dissertation explores the historical origin of practical challenges experienced in user services of the post-colonial National Archives of Namibia (NAN). It was motivated by the observation that many requests by Black Namibians for civic records such as divorce orders, adoption records, and estate records from the period of colonial and apartheid rule in Namibia cannot be served by the NAN despite intensive time-consuming searches, while similar requests by White Namibians can be served without problems within minutes. While it could be assumed that this disparity originates from the racial discrimination under colonial apartheid rule, a literature study revealed that the issue why and how the colonial situation affected the content and accessibility of the archives has not been systematically researched. This research gap inspired an in-depth exploration of the colonial records at the National Archives of the decolonized Namibia, using deceased estate records of Black Namibians (or “Native estates” as they had been called) as a case study. The study investigates the colonial legal framework for the creation and management of the estate records, the actual Native estate files in custody of the NAN, as well as the finding aids, archives databases and the own administrative files of the NAN. It explores the relationship between the historical legal environment, the creation, management, disposal, listing, appraisal, destruction, archiving, indexing and metadata enhancement of the Native estates records over the colonial period, between 1884 to 1990, and their alleged absence from the NAN. The author discovered a large but not systematic corpus of over 11,000 “Native estate” case files which had been assumed destroyed or lost, but also established substantial gaps in the holdings of such records. Only a few of those gaps could be explained by documented destructions, but the study traces the causes for the loss and inaccessibility of substantial records to the combined effect of racially discriminatory legislation, a confusing and haphazard legislative and regulatory framework for Native estates, and an all-pervasive apartheid ideology that also affected the appraisal and the creation of discovery tools at the Archives. The dissertation concludes with a programme to “decolonize the archives”, recommending to unlock the full potential of the previously hidden “Native” records, not only by recording and indexing them in discovery tools but also by enhancing search options to alleviate the search problems caused by unstandardized name spellings and non-Western naming and kinship systems. It is anticipated that this study will raise awareness about similar gaps, stir debate and lead to further research about archival deficiencies with other types of person-related records, in Namibia as well as in other decolonised nations, in order to establish how far their national archival records are responsive to the needs of all citizens." 978-951-44-9883-1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ellen Ndeshi Namhila Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Tampere Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © 2015 Tampere University Press and the author Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/97932 Archives Ellen Ndeshi Namhila Finland Library. Colonialism Native Estates Racism South Africa Tampere https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/fb507fcd8bc0df0bfa3ef8c3eb837ecc.pdf d75e6c321b7fa88d50b4755672a8a916 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public Health, Science and the Economy : The onto-politics of traditional medicine in Namibia Description An account of the resource PhD Dissertation - "This is an ethnographic and discourse analytical study into the onto-politics of traditional medicine in Namibia. The discourses and practices that shape, make and imagine traditional medicine at the international, national and individual level are examined. Traditional medicine in this study is not something that can be discovered, institutionalised, controlled and improved to be part of the modern Namibian state. Instead, traditional medicine is created through the multiple ways, in which Namibians and others already engage, to define what it is and what role it can officially play. It is not a system that consists of traditional healers, their practices and the natural resources they utilise, but it entails practices and discourses of the state, researchers, aid and non-governmental organisations, the private sector and the Namibian society at large. Traditional medicine is a product of international, national, local and individual utterances and practices, and it feeds into the imaginary space of a developed and modern Namibia. Methodologically, this thesis departs from conventional research into traditional medicine in Africa, which primarily focuses on in-depth studies of individual healers practices. These are framed either as cultural-specific therapeutic methods, as individual herbal medical exercises based on plants containing active compounds for potential new drugs, or as occult practices within the realm of witchcraft. This study deflects from the conceptualisation of traditional medicine as a traditional healing practice that is local or individual, and distinctly African. Instead, it seeks to ontologically re-define and re-politicise traditional medicine and to bring it into the wider global formations of subjects and objects in the field of health, sciences, and politics. This is achieved by decentring and deconstructing traditional medicine as a folk category that receives meaning either as a national cultural heritage, an alternative medical system, as a traditional knowledge system, or as an anti-witchcraft practice. The respective discourses and practices on international, national and individual level are analysed through applying the Logics and Critical Explanation (LCE) approach by Jason Glynos and David Howarth, which draws from Foucauldian genealogy, Derridan deconstruction and Lacanian psychoanalysis. To this was added the insights by Lene Hansen s discourse analysis, Homi Bhabha s concept of mimicry, and Gayatri Spivak s subaltern. The data of this study is based on five months of ethnographic fieldwork in Namibia, mostly Windhoek, and poststructural discourse analyses of policy documents. The study s results indicate that traditional medicine in Namibia is discursively split between culture and knowledge. What is envisioned, negotiated and created is a traditional medicine that is, on the one hand, a cultural artefact, a traditional heritage that is part of a national and African identity. It is something that can be staged, exhibited and celebrated. On the other hand, it is a knowledge resource that, once appropriated and tested, is subsumed under biomedical knowledge and practice or under the economic system with the aim to improve and develop Namibia. Traditional medicinal knowledge, therefore, transforms into scientific knowledge or a potential commodity governed by the state. Knowledge that is considered profitable and true is transferred to other systems of knowledge and practices, relinquishing traditional medicine to performances of culture and traditions with traditional healers as main actors. At the national and international level, traditional healers are spoken for and about. They remain in a subaltern position in Namibia. Despite using subjectivities and objectivities created by these discourses and practices for their own advantages, traditional healers do not have the power to change and forge traditional medicine in Namibia according to their imaginations and preferences. Instead, they inhabit and claim for themselves the discursive field that is outside of official and state discourse and practices: witchcraft. On the basis of its ethnographic material this study proposes to read witchcraft discourse as a re-/deflection of the fantasies of development that is, of a healthy Namibian population, economic development and independence, and the development of a modern democratic nation state. Traditional medicine articulated as an anti-witchcraft practice, therefore, addresses the negative side-effects and by-products of social and economic development and its failures. By decentring and deconstructing traditional medicine at international and national level, this study reveals the phantasmagorical and arbitrary character of the various constructions. The occult aspects, which are generally considered beyond reason and an uneasy fit, become just one of the imaginative and performative aspects of traditional medicine . Traditional medicine and its occult aspects, therefore, are not relics from the past. On the contrary, traditional medicine as a folk category is already an integral aspect of contemporary international and national imaginations in the context of health and development." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maylin Meincke Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Helsinki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/158962 Finland Foucault Health Helsinki Maylin Meincke Traditional Medicine Witchcraft https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf 39c3d3e983423ef7bf4f140de389d2e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Out of Print Books on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection contains full-text PDFs of various out of print books re: Namibian Studies. Most of these were published by small-name presses (such as the Finnish Anthropological Association), and for that reason they are hard to find. Some of the out of print books can be found in other collections in this repository (such as the Basler Afrika Bibliographien); this collection is merely for those without their own. Efforts were made to receive copyright permission before uploading. For any questions or concerns, contact the webmaster. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa : A History of Owambo Kingdoms, 1600-1920 Description An account of the resource This Study is the first attempt to reconstruct the precolonial history of the Owambo people between 1600-1920. Based on thesis (Ph.D)--University of Joensuu, Finland. "The linking of the concept of literacy to conscious action shattered the question of how Africans perceived the concept of history. Thus, literacy and documentation became the recognized ways of preserving history, while orally transmitted history was regarded as a mere myth. Here most historians have been mistaken in not recognizing the fact that oral traditions are not simple tales, but are in most societies linked closely to religion. Through this process, traditions became sacred and their distortion regarded as a violation of the traditional religion. I became bothered during the course of my study by the way in which the "history of the Owambo people" has been written. In many works, the perspective is heavily influenced not only by the ideas and institutions of which we are all products, but more so by the perception of the reality we are faced with. The independence of Namibia marks the beginning of a new era in African historiography. This was one of my sources of inspiration in the new thinking and approach during the course of writing. Therefore, this study serves as a stepping-stone in the history of the African people, which I hope will open up scientific debates aimed at placing the history of the long-deprived Namibian people in the context of world history. The completion of this work could not have been possible without the independence of Namibia, which made it possible for me to carry out the fieldwork in Owamboland. It is against this background that I want to thank all my informants, all research assistants and many Namibians who have been actively involved in the struggle for national liberation under the leadership of SWAPO. I am greatly indebted to the Finnish International Development Agercy (FINNIDA) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, and the Finnchurchaid of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, for the scholarship grant and the constant financial assistance throughout the preparation of this work and my years of study. The manuscript of this study benefited very much from the initial comments made by Ella Kamanya, M.A. Muhammed Salih, Seppo Sivonen, my supervisor Associate Professor Seppo Rytkonen and Professor Thomas Tlou. Their constructive criticism has helped me to improve the quality of this work; I am grateful to all of them. I particularly thank many individuals, especially those who have helped me with the completion of technical matters: Christina Mann for proof-reading the manuscript; Petteri Makela for constructive criticism at various stages of this work, and for helping with much of the drawings in this work; John Hakapandi for the drawing of the Owambo homestead; and Brigitte Lau, who gave the final touch to the manuscript. Finally, my gratitude goes to my daughters Kalinde and Shekupe and my parents, who endured my absence during the long years of study. I dedicate this book to the Owambo ancestors who lived through the experience, and who transmitted the traditions through the generations." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frieda-Nela Williams Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Archives of Namibia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © National Archives of Namibia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991, 1994 (2nd Edition) Language A language of the resource English Finland Frieda-Nela Williams Joensuu National Archives of Namibia Ovamboland Precolonial https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/0eb953507a5d56b99497417e8a6aadd1.pdf 71296612d3d28a100e868df55461ad83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oudosta Kulkijasta Ihmiseksi: Suomalainen bushmannilähetystyö ja sen välittämä kuva bushmanneista vuosina 1950–1985 Description An account of the resource Translation: From a Strange Wanderer to a Human Being: Finnish Missionary Work among Bushmen and the Image of Bushmen 1950-1985 - PhD Dissertation - "My study is focused on the Finnish missionary work among Bushmen in eastern Ovambo and Kavango in Namibia and on the image of Bushmen conveyed by it. The encounter of the cultures gave rise to new elements of the Bushman way of life that are partly based on the tradition of the encounter of cultures in the area and on the requirements of the local natural conditions. This helped to give the Bushmen the strength to resist acculturation, and the meeting of cultures brought regular elements, which I have called the borderline culture, to the outskirts of the missionary stations. Increased information reduces uncertainty. This fact began to come to surface in the 1950s in the descriptions of Bushmen by Finnish nurses in Kavango in which the emotions of fear, sympathy and care were present. The pressures for missionary work among the Bushmen towards the end of the 1950s broke the old image of Bushmen. In eastern Ovambo and Kavango, the missionary work among Bushmen which was expanding in the 1960s made the image of Bushmen a more everyday matter in the emerging borderline culture, in which it was typical to associate the image of the Bushman to work and success at work. The missionaries did not yet quite understand the life of the Bushmen, although they were clearly interested in it. They tried to dictate the conditions for the encounter in the 1960s in accordance with the old ideology of missionary work. Thus the 1960s was the era of a Bushman image that was controlled by the preachers who tried to defend the justification and methods of missionary work. The breaking of the language barrier was an important factor on the way to the next change in the image of Bushmen which was seen clearly in the borderline culture which was established in the 1970s. Language meant improved and more profound information and therefore confidential relationships between the missionaries and the Bushmen. The understanding of ethnic cultures improved in general. The new ideals were partly due to the strivings for independence in the area and to more general international pressures in which mission and colonialism were subjected to criticism. The borderline culture had been established, and the life of Bushmen was felt to be part of everyday life. The interest of the missionaries in the Bushmen’s way of life was increased. In the early 80s, the image of the Bushman had become much more diversified and uniform. The Bushman way of life was known quite well, although based on the description of a few missionaries only. As a consequence of the Namibian Civil War, the work of the Finnish missionaries ended in the stations in Ovambo, but the work continued in the form of developmental aid in Kavango. The last image of the Bushmen there was given by the quiet missionaries, the nurses, just like in the early stages in the early 1950s. The concerns over care and everyday nursing were common in their descriptions, but the Bushmen were not any longer strange wanderers in the forest but familiar people in a borderline culture." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teuvo Raiskio Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Acta Universitatis Ouluensis (Oulu University) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997 Language A language of the resource Finnish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9514246918.pdf Bushman Church Evangelical Lutheran Church Finland Finnish Missionary Society Harri Siiskonen Images Kavango liberation struggle Missionary nurses Oulu Ovamboland Religion Representation San https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e4276c82c7c6f95274958eef67237d7e.pdf a175d447fe55f858bdfb3e91acc27023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dissertations on Namibia Description An account of the resource This collection holds full length dissertations written on and/or from Namibia. Unless the dissertations are particularly dated, or the author has passed, I have obtained permission before uploading the files. There are both M.A. and PhD Dissertations uploaded. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the Way to Whiteness: Christianization, Conflict and Change in Colonial Ovamboland, 1910-1965 Description An account of the resource Published Dissertation - "The spread of the Christian faith is often said to have marked the greatest change in 20th century Africa. This dissertation analyzes the processes of this change in Ovamboland of northern Namibia, where it was initiated and guided by Finnish missionaries. By using a socio-historical approach, this research presents an interesting analysis which suggests that conversion to Christianity was often a multi-casual chain of events where the primary motives of the converts were often quite practical. The study presents new information concerning the relationship between the Ovambo and the Finnish missionaries, and by so doing also particularizes or corrects some of the earlier views on the social and cultural effects of Ovambo christianization." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kari Miettinen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Soumalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Language A language of the resource English Christianity Conversion Evangelical Lutheran Church Finland Finnish Missionary Society Kari Miettinen Kinship Missionaries Ovamboland Traditional Authorities https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/f1c98a93efe5ec6917d621d4c50e4b70.pdf 485af8dd6029f275d316822f16fe8f12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Newspaper, Magazine, and Journal Articles Description An account of the resource This collection holds magazine and newspaper articles pertaining to Namibia or Namibian affairs. Note: only non-Namibian publications are consulted here. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nimet yhdistävät suomalaisia ja namibialaisia Description An account of the resource "Miksi Namibiasta löytyy kymmeniä Marttoja ja Väinöjä? Mitä kaiman rooli merkitsee Ambomaalla? Minna Saarelma-Maunumaan tuoreessa väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan eurooppalaisen kulttuurin vaikutuksta namibialaisiin henkilönimiin. Suomen Lähetysseuran kustannusjohtaja, fil.tri Minna Saarelma-Maunumaa väitteli tämän vuoden maaliskuussa tohtoriksi namibialaisista henkilönnimistä. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä tavoitteena oli selvittää eurooppalaisen kulttuurivaikutuksen aiheuttamaa murrosta Namibian amboheimojen henkilönnimisysteemissä: Mitä perinteiselle afrikkalaiselle henkilönnimisysteemille tapahtuu, kun se joutuu kosketuksiin länsimaisen kulttuurin ja kristinuskon nimikäytäntöjen kanssa? Mitä toisesta nimisysteemistä omaksutaan ja missä muodossa? Millaisia vaiheita tässä prosessissa voidaan erottaa, ja mitkä sosiaaliset ja kulttuuriset tekijät niihin vaikuttavat? Väitöskirjan nimi on "Edhina ekogidho - Names as links: The encounter between African and European anthroponymic systems among the Ambo people in Namibia" (Edhina ekogidho - Nimet yhdistävät: Afrikkalaisen ja eurooppalaisen henkilönnimisysteemin kohtaaminen Namibian Ambomaalla). Se ilmestyy lokakuussa Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kustantamana. Saarelma-Maunumaan tutkimus on luonteeltaan tieteidenvälinen, vaikka sen pääpaino onkin ambojen henkilönnimistön kielitieteellisessä tarkastelussa. Yhtymäkohtia on runsaasti etenkin antropologiaan (ambojen perinteisten nimikäytäntöjen selvittäminen) sekä kulttuuri- ja kirkkohistoriaan (Ambomaan kulttuurimurrokseen liittyvien tekijöiden analysoiminen). Keskeisenä tutkimusaineistona on Ambomaan kolmen luterilaisen seurakunnan - Elimin, Okahaon ja Oshigambon - kirkonkirjoista (1913-1993) poimittu 10 920 henkilön nimet kattava kastenimiaineisto. Tärkeitä lähteitä ovat myös suomalainen ja saksalainen lähetyskirjallisuus ja arkistomateriaali, samoin kuin Namibiassa ja Suomessa tehdyt haastattelut. Tutkimus kattaa ajanjakson 1800-luvun lopulta aina 1990-luvun lopulle asti. Ambojen henkilönnimisysteemi on tänä aikana käynyt läpi prosessin, joka on johtanut useiden perinteisten nimikäytäntöjen murtumiseen. Merkittävimpiä tekijöitä tässä murroksessa ovat olleet suomalainen luterilainen lähetystyö (Suomen Lähetysseura aloitti työn Ambomaalla vuonna 1870) sekä Saksan ja myöhemmin Etelä-Afrikan siirtomaavalta, samoin kuin maan vuosikymmeniä kestänyt itsenäistymistaistelu, joka johti vuonna 1990 Namibian itsenäistymiseen. Suomalaiset nimet omaksuttiin lähetystyöntekijöiltä Perinteisen nimisysteemin vallitessa ambolapselle annettiin pian syntymän jälkeen väliaikainen nimi, joka liittyi yleensä johonkin syntymähetken aikaiseen tapahtumaan (Mvula 'sade', Uukongo 'metsästys'). Muutaman viikon iässä lapsi sai isältään varsinaisen nimen. Nimi annettiin useimmiten jonkun sukulaisen tai ystävän mukaan, ja kaiman rooliin kuului huolehtia lapsesta monin tavoin. Varsinaisen nimensä ohella ambot käyttivät myös patronyymejä (isän nimeen perustuvia lisänimiä) sekä erilaisia lempinimiä. Ambojen henkilönnimistön murros käynnistyi varsinaisesti vuonna 1883, jolloin alueella toimitettiin ensimmäiset kasteet. Lähetystyön alkuaikoina ambot omaksuivat lähes yksinomaan raamatullisia ja eurooppalaisia kastenimiä. Varsinkin suomalaiset nimet olivat suosittuja, mikä selittyy pitkälti ambojen perinteisellä kaimakäytännöllä: lapset haluttiin nimetä suomalaisten kaimoiksi. Suosituimpia ambonaisten kastenimiä ovat olleet Selma, Maria, Martta, Hilma, Ester, Aina, Johanna, Loide, Helena ja Anna. Miesten kastenimistä suosituimpia ovat olleet Johannes, Petrus, Andreas, Paulus, David, Tomas, Mateus, Erastus, Simon ja Filemon. Suosittuja suomalaisnimiä ambomiehillä ovat olleet muiden muassa Armas, Eino, Heikki, Martti, Toivo ja Vaino (Väinö). Namibian itsenäisyystaistelun keskeisen hahmon Andimba ('jänis', aiemmin Herman) Toivo ya Toivon sukunimi merkitsee yksinkertaisesti Toivo Toivonpoikaa. Myös alun perin suomalaisia sukunimiä on Ambomaalla omaksuttu kastenimiksi, kuten Hynonen (Hynönen), Petaja (Petäjä) tai Rautanen. Nykyään noin joka viidennellä ambolla on suomalaislähtöinen etunimi. (Namibian väestöstä noin puolet on amboja.) 1950-luvulla, jolloin ajatus itsenäisestä Namibiasta alkoi kiehtoa amboja, afrikkalaiset nimet alkoivat tulla suosituiksi kasteniminä. Käytännöksi vakiintui pian kahden (tai useamman) nimen järjestelmä, jossa ensimmäinen kastenimi on raamatullinen tai eurooppalainen ja jälkimmäiset ambonimiä. Suosituimpia naisten ambokastenimiä ovat olleet Magano 'lahja', Ndinelago 'olen onnellinen', Ndapewa 'minulle on annettu', Nelago 'onni' ja Ndakulilwa 'olen lunastettu'. Miesten ambokastenimien kärjessä ovat taas Natangwe 'hän olkoon ylistetty', Panduleni 'kiittäkää', Tangeni 'kiittäkää', Elago 'onni' ja Ndeshipanda 'olen mieltynyt siihen'. Ambojen nimisysteemin murrokseen kuuluu myös patronyymien korvautuminen eurooppalaistyyppisillä periytyvillä sukunimillä. Ensimmäiset sukunimet otettiin Ambomaalla käyttöön 1950-luvun lopulla. Sukunimekseen ambot ovat yleensä valinneet jonkun esi-isänsä varsinaisen (yleensä afrikkalaisen) nimen tai lempinimen. Kahden erilaisen nimisysteemin kohtaaminen on Ambomaalla johtanut uuden nimisysteemin syntyyn, jossa on niin eurooppalaisia kuin afrikkalaisia elementtejä. Vaikka ambojen henkilönnimistö näyttää päältä katsoen varsin eurooppalaistuneelta, monet perinteiseen nimisysteemiin liittyneet tavat ovat edelleen käytössä, kuten tapa antaa lapselle väliaikainen nimi heti syntymän jälkeen. Myös kaiman rooli on ambokulttuurissa säilynyt vahvana. Ambojen henkilönnimistössä tapahtunut prosessi on ollut huomattavan nopea. Siirtyminen perinteisestä yhden nimen ja patronyymin systeemistä eurooppalaistyyppiseen useamman etunimen ja sukunimen systeemiin vei Ambomaalla vain noin sata vuotta. Keskiajan Euroopassa vastaavat nimimurrokset kestivät useita vuosisatoja. Tietoja väittelijästä: Minna Saarelma-Maunumaa on syntynyt vuonna 1960 Dar es Salaamissa Tansaniassa ja kirjoittanut ylioppilaaksi Tampereen normaalikoulusta vuonna 1979. Hän työskentelee kustannusjohtajana Suomen Lähetysseurassa. Yhteystiedot: p. työ (09) 129 7331, gsm 050-352 2068." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Minna Saarelma-Maunumaa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Virittäjä, Vol 107, Nro 2 (2003) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Language A language of the resource Finnish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.kotikielenseura.fi/virittaja/hakemistot/jutut/2003_258.pdf Christianity Finland Languages Linguistics Minna Saarelma-Maunumaa Names Naming Ovamboland https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/0bb291f5700ad18bfd930855c4de058e.pdf c50843a7f779d421e7da6cf8849d7dcd https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/33bd149278fab0d7156d905887c4a3ba.pdf 4d3e29ef2e650bbce260934e67000dc1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finding Aids Description An account of the resource This Collection holds digitized finding aids from various archives around the world with holdings pertaining to Namibian studies. I am in favor of digitizing finding aids, as opposed to archival materials, because it can help the researcher decide if he/she wishes to visit the archives. Digitizing archival materials for the web is a very different story because it tends to lead to researchers avoiding archives entirely if digital sources are possible. Note: Finding Aids from the Basler Afrika Bibliographien are NOT in this collection, you can find them archived in the B.A.B. collection Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Namibiana Resources in Finland: Two Finding Aids Description An account of the resource These finding aids were given to me by Dr. Harri Siiskonen at Yliopisto Itä-Suomi, Joensuu. These document various resources on Namibian studies available throughout Finland. There are microfilms of the Emil Liljeblad collection, the German government records, the German Colonial Society, Namibian newspapers (colonial), microfiche copies of some documents from the National Archives of Namibia, the German Evangelical Lutheran Church in Wuppertal, and many printed documents and journals. Some may find this difficult to read, because it schizophrenically switches between Finnish and English, but if you take your time, you can find good files. Note that, like most Finnish Research on Namibia, these largely deal with Ovamboland and the North. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harri Siiskonen, Kari Miettinen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Self produced by Harri Siiskonen, University of Joensuu Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bernard C. Moore Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unclear Language A language of the resource English, Finnish, German Archives Finding Aids Finland Harri Siiskonen Joensuu Kari Miettinen Missionary https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/8ef4aa9b9737761d54c67e001fb6b10e.pdf 24e40e86047506b5b07e2438cc4db8d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finding Aids Description An account of the resource This Collection holds digitized finding aids from various archives around the world with holdings pertaining to Namibian studies. I am in favor of digitizing finding aids, as opposed to archival materials, because it can help the researcher decide if he/she wishes to visit the archives. Digitizing archival materials for the web is a very different story because it tends to lead to researchers avoiding archives entirely if digital sources are possible. Note: Finding Aids from the Basler Afrika Bibliographien are NOT in this collection, you can find them archived in the B.A.B. collection Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Namibiana in Finland: Guide to the Finnish Archival Sources Concerning Namibia before 1938 Description An account of the resource "The project, 'Namibiana in Finland' was divided into two branches. The first of these, being the proper documentation part of the project, consists of the inventory and cataloging of the Finnish archival records and literature on Namibia. The other branch includes the transfer of the information concerning Namibia from Finland to the UNIN in Lusaka, Zambia. This is possible through microfilming the material for the Institute, fro both that part of the archival material as well as the older literature." "This guide is aimed at being a practical tool for researchers when using Finnish sources on Namibia. This favours both Finnish and foreign users since the work has been compiled bilingually, in Finnish and English." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martti Eirola Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Joensuu Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985 Language A language of the resource English and Finnish Archives Emil Liljeblad Evangelical Lutheran Church Finland Finnish Missionary Society Joensuu Martti Eirola Martti Rautanen Missionary Ovamboland