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                  <text>Nordic Africa Institute</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1962, the Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa in the Nordic countries and to strengthen the co-operation between African and Nordic researchers.</text>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>Political opposition in African countries : the cases of Kenya, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>This Discussion Paper is another result of the project “Liberation and Democracy in Southern Africa” (LiDeSA), which was coordinated at the Institute between 2001 and 2006. The papers are revised versions of presentations to a Session of the Research Committee “Comparative Sociology” at the XVI World Congress of Sociology held at the end of July 2006 in Durban. They explore the role of opposition parties under different aspects in several East and Southern African countries, which differ according to the socio-political determinants.</text>
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                <text>Karolina Hulterström, Amin Y. Kamete, Henning Melber</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;From the Legal Assistance Centre's Website:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;"The LAC's main objective is to protect the human rights of all Namibians. It is the only organisation of its kind in Namibia. It has a head office in Windhoek, Namibia's capital, along with two regional offices. It is funded by national and international donor organisations as well as individuals. Its work is supervised by the Legal Assistance Trust, whose trustees include legal practitioners, other professionals and community leaders.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It works in five broad areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#litigation"&gt;Litigation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#info"&gt;Information and Advice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#education"&gt;Education and Training&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#research"&gt;Research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/about/default.html#lawreform"&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Litigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Legal Assistance Centre is a public interest law firm based in Windhoek.The LAC only takes on public interest cases. A public interest case is a legal case which will have a wider impact on the community than just assisting the individual concerned. Such a case may establish a new legal rule, which will change the law for the entire country or address a discriminatory policy or practice. Or it may attract attention to a problem that is affecting many people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Examples of cases taken up by the Legal Assistance Centre include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The right of a school learner to return to school after her child was born&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of an accused in a complicated criminal trial to obtain legal aid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a widow to keep the land she lived on during her marriage after the death of her husband&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The right of a HIV-positive person not to be dismissed from employment based on their HIV status&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even if we cannot help you with your case, we may be able to give you information on your rights and on steps you can take to help yourself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legal Information and Advice&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We provide legal information and advice on human rights in the following areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/alu/aluobjective.html"&gt;HIV/AIDS&lt;/a&gt; - including advice on what to do if you are discriminated against, information on workplace policies, access to treatment for HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/grapobjective.html"&gt;Gender Equality&lt;/a&gt; - including information on rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment in the workplace, inheritance, marriage, divorce and maintenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/huricon/huriconobjective.html"&gt;Human Rights and the Constitution&lt;/a&gt; - such as the right to basic education, the right to health, citizenship, immigration issues and the right not to be tortured or ill-treated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/leadobjective.html"&gt;Land, Environment and Development &lt;/a&gt;- including inheritance, conservancies, illegal fencing, environmental issues, and issues affecting especially disadvantaged groups such as the Himba and the San.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to speak to a paralegal about a legal issue you are concerned about, phone us at +264-61-22-3356 or come to the office at 4 Korner Street, Windhoek. The office is open from Monday to Friday, 08h00-11h30, and 14h00-16h00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Education and Training&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also run training workshops for communities and service providers (such as legal officials, traditional leaders, school principals, police and social workers) on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gender - friendly laws including rape and domestic violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communal Land Reform Act and conservancy-related legislation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and rights, including children’s rightsB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Basic human rights training&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The LAC also carries out research, particularly on the need for new laws and the implementation of existing laws. Some recent research reports which are available are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;HIV/AIDS and Prisoners’ Rights in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infanticide &amp;amp; Baby Dumping in Namibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Land Reform: A look into Namibia's first court case on land expropriation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Law Reform and Advocacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We advocate for law reform based on our research. Recent laws which the LAC&lt;br /&gt;contributed to and advocated for are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Combating of Rape Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Combating of Domestic Violence Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maintenance Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non discrimination on the basis of HIV in the Labour Act&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free of Charge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All our services are free of charge (with the exception of litigation where certain costs may be recovered the client may be asked to contribute certain costs, depending&lt;br /&gt;on the circumstances)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection showcases some of the free-download books, briefings, and documents from the LAC in Windhoek.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>© Legal Assistance Centre. Files directly from LAC website, all rights theirs</text>
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                <text>Advocacy in Action: A guide to influencing decision-making in Namibia</text>
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                <text>Advocacy in Action is a 336-page manual designed primarily for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and grassroots-based groups who are interested in increasing their advocacy skills. It contains concrete, practical information about advocacy strategies such as petitions, press conferences, public demonstrations, and letter-writing campaigns, as well as detailed information on government structures and parliamentary procedures - and how to influence decision-making bodies and processes. The manual is written in simple English, with many photographs, illustrations, and examples. It includes actual case studies of advocacy efforts in Namibia. The manual is intended primarily for civil society, but the publishers say it will also be of interest to office-bearers at the local, regional, and national levels. It is best used as "textbook" for workshops on advocacy skills. The manual contains 3 sections that provide practical information about how to plan and implement advocacy campaigns, as well as a background of the Namibian government and how it works.</text>
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                <text>Dianne Hubbard (ed.)</text>
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                <text>© Legal Assistance Centre 2004, updated 2007</text>
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                <text>http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/advguide07.pdf</text>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien (BAB) is a centre of documentation and expertise on Namibia and southern Africa, located in Basel, Switzerland. The institution comprises an archive, a specialist library and a publishing house, in addition to offering scholarly, cultural and socio-political events.&#13;
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                  <text>© Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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                <text>Liberation Movements as Governments: Democratic Authoritarianism in Former Settler Colonies of Southern Africa</text>
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                <text>"The hybrid mix of authoritarianism and democracy disguised as specific form of “nationalism and national projects” (Ndlovu-Gathseni/Ndhlovu 2013) has been normalised in the postcolonial settings. In particular Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa, had relatively well-developed infrastructure and economies and relatively well educated populations; they emerged or consolidated at a time when the world order had decidedly become (at least formally) democratic. The notion of “good governance” was coined as the guiding principle issued by the hegemonic Western world (Abrahamsen 2000). None of these liberation movements as governments have been seriously threatened by a coup d’état. These countries were better placed than most other African states in their transition to democracies that were claiming to apply political equality in actual practice. Why have they failed to make this transformation more credible and convincing?"</text>
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                <text>Based on questionnaires that constitute the basis of in-depth interviews with party representatives. 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Section 1 of the questionnaire: Government 3.1 Decentralisation 3.2 Government efficiency 3.3 Government corruption 3.4 Transparency 4 Section 2 of the questionnaire: External relations 4.1 The United Nations 4.2 The African Union 4.3 New Partnership for Africa’s Development 4.4 The Southern African Development Community 5 Section 3 of the questionnaire: Democracy 5.1 Individual rights 5.2 Group rights 5.3 Constitutionalism 5.4 Democratic rule 5.5 Participation 5.6 Opposition</text>
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