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                  <text>Founded in 1962, the Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. Based in Uppsala, Sweden, the Institute is dedicated to providing timely, critical and alternative research and analysis of Africa in the Nordic countries and to strengthen the co-operation between African and Nordic researchers.</text>
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                  <text>© Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, The items in this collection are taken from open access publication on the NAI website. All rights are theirs.</text>
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                <text>From 1960, SWAPO of Namibia led the organised and later armed struggle for independence. In late 1989, the liberation movement was finally elected to power under United Nations supervision as the legitimate government. When the Republic of Namibia was proclaimed on 21 March 1990, the long and bitter struggle for sovereignty came to an end. This volume takes stock of emerging trends in the country's political culture since independence. The contributions, mainly by authors from Namibia and Southern Africa who supported the anti-colonial movements, critically explore the achievements and shortcomings that have been part of liberation in Namibia.</text>
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                <text>Henning Melber (ed.)</text>
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                  <text>This collection contains digitized versions of autobiographies (and some biographies) of Namibians and by Namibians. A slight preference is given for liberation struggle stories</text>
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                <text>Where Others Wavered: The Autobiography of Sam Nujoma - My Life in SWAPO and My Participation in the Liberation Struggle of Namibia</text>
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                <text>Sam Nujoma</text>
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                <text>© Sam Nujoma</text>
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                <text>"A tour de force from "the other Nelson Mandela!" Political determination, diplomatic endeavour, and military perseverance all focused with singular vision and unwavering constancy on Namibia's goal of nationhood have been the hallmarks of the life and career of Sam Nujoma. From a traditional boyhood, to a player on the international political stage, to the Presidency of his country, SAM NUJOMA tells his life story. It is at once unique and representative of the lives of men and women engaged with him in their battle for freedom from the last vestiges of Western colonialism in 20th century Africa. Where Others Wavered, The Autobiography of Sam Nujoma is a genuine adventure in contemporary history, relating the story of SWAPO, Nujoma and the people of Namibia in their long struggle for the Independence of Namibia.&#13;
&#13;
Contents&#13;
&#13;
1 Background and Early Years&#13;
&#13;
2 Walvis Bay and Windhoek&#13;
&#13;
3 The Formation of the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO)&#13;
&#13;
4 Political Confrontation: the Popular Windhoek Uprising&#13;
&#13;
5 Escape from South West Africa&#13;
&#13;
6 Ghana and the United Nations&#13;
&#13;
7 The Establishment of the SWAPO Office in Dar-es-Salaam&#13;
&#13;
8 Preparation for Armed Liberation Struggle&#13;
&#13;
9 Sixteen Hours in Windhoek&#13;
&#13;
10 The Hague Court ~ A 'Mockery of Justice'&#13;
&#13;
11 From Caprivi to Omugulu-gOmbashe&#13;
&#13;
12 The Struggle Intensifies on All Fronts&#13;
&#13;
13 Workers' Struggle and Diplomatic Advance&#13;
&#13;
14 Worldwide Recognition&#13;
&#13;
15 Waldheim Initiatives&#13;
&#13;
16 Collapse of The Portuguese Empire in Africa&#13;
&#13;
17 SWAPO ~ Home and Exile&#13;
&#13;
18 Resolution 385 and the Kissinger 'Shuttle'&#13;
&#13;
19 The Western Contact Group&#13;
&#13;
20 US Policy towards Namibia in the 1970s and 1980s&#13;
&#13;
21 Geneva and the Reagan Years&#13;
&#13;
22 At the Height of the War, 1980~1985&#13;
&#13;
23 From Strength to Strength, 1985~1989&#13;
&#13;
24 In Sight of Victory&#13;
&#13;
25 Final Days of the Struggle for Independence&#13;
&#13;
26 Return to Windhoek, Independence and a New Beginning"</text>
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                <text>Canons of Classical Rhetoric in Sam Nujoma's State of the Nation Addresses (1990-2004)</text>
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                <text>M.A. Dissertation - "The mini-dissertation examines and highlights in broad detail how Mr. Sam Nujoma used the canons of classical rhetoric in his State of the Nation Addresses during his Presidential reign in Namibia from 1990 to 2004. Mr. Nujoma’s Addresses are critiqued against the five canons of classical rhetoric: invention, arrangement, style, delivery and memory. Specifically, the author focuses on the following five research questions: 1. What evidence of particular appeals or approaches are used by Mr. Nujoma? 2. How effective is the arrangement of messages or arguments in the Introduction, Purpose statement, Body and Conclusion of the addresses? 3. Is the language style clear, vivid and persuasive in the sense of it being appropriate to Mr. Nujoma, the audience and the occasion? 4. Are there vocal and other nonverbal aspects used to complement verbal messages during the delivery of the addresses? 5. Is Mr. Nujoma’s retention and grasp of the contents of the addresses evident? In an attempt to answer the research questions above, twenty eight hours of video recordings shown live on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation and two hundred twenty pages of the Hansard of the fifteen State of the Nation Addresses delivered between 1990 and 2004 were examined. The research shows that there is a difference between Mr. Nujoma’s written and delivered addresses in articulation. While the speeches were properly written, Nujoma’s delivery at times failed them. Notwithstanding the fact that English is not Nujoma’s home language, the grammatical conventions in his addresses were largely correct. However, the video recordings of the speeches sometimes contradicted Nujoma on the pronunciation of words. Mr. Nujoma’s inability to pronounce certain words is one of the reasons for the deficiency in delivery. Policies and actions are more important, but when one is the President, the public and history look to him to shape the way important things are talked about. Mr. Nujoma used various verbal tactics to complement pathos in his State of the Nation Addresses. He appealed to emotions of fear. Another technique evident in Nujoma’s State of the Nation Addresses was the use of logos. In this technique, the danger lies in the fact that decisions based on rational appeals are not necessarily based on truth or logic, but on emotions favouring those who put forth the more powerful arguments."</text>
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                <text>Audrin Inambao Mathe</text>
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                <text>Articles include:&#13;
&#13;
Editorial: The Draft Constitution&#13;
&#13;
Letter to the Presidents Kaunda and Nyerere - Shakumu&#13;
&#13;
Paul Helmuth: Renegades and Turncoats&#13;
&#13;
Compromise: Our Point of View - Ottilie Abrahams&#13;
&#13;
Letter to Sam Nujoma of SWAPO&#13;
&#13;
Book Review</text>
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                <text>Akademie-Verlag 1966</text>
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                <text>Conducted under the auspices of the Michael Scott Oral Research Project, Katutura residents conduct interviews and archival research into the Shooting in the Old Location of 10 December 1959, a crucial moment that helped birth the liberation struggle.</text>
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                <text>© National Archives of Namibia (likely)</text>
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                  <text>Rights vary depending on the resource. Please consult each individual entry for specific information</text>
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                <text>"After 105 years of foreign rule, Namibia, Africa's last colony, gained its independence, and this program covers Sam Nujoma's address at Lincoln University outlining his country's future. The impeccable rendition of the Namibian National Anthem, and the English translation at the end, add an emotional and nostalgic flavor to the program. And the background information on Namibia provides viewers with a broader understanding of the issues at hand."</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Rights vary depending on the resource. Please consult each individual entry for specific information</text>
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                <text>Namibia: Independence Now!</text>
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                <text>Produced for the United Nations Council on Namibia to illustrate life under apartheid and SWAPO's struggle for independence. Interviews include Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Sam Nujoma, Theo-Ben Gurirab, and Hidipo Hamutenya Producer: Pearl Bowser Assoc. Producer: Allan Siegel Cinematography: Doug Harris &amp; Alfred Santana Sound: J.T. OrinneTakagi Editor: Allan Siegel Director: Christine Choy</text>
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                <text>United Nations Council on Namibia, Third World Newsreel</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© United Nations Council on Namibia, 1985</text>
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                <text>Documentary Film</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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