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                <text>Ich möchte einführend einige Gedanken zur An-ikonizität (also nicht-Bildlichkeit) formulieren. In seiner Betrachtung sogenannter an-ikonischer Gesellschaften, also Gesellschaften die keine Bilder von Menschen, Tieren oder Gottheiten produzierten, weist Fritz Kramer darauf hin, dass der Umstand des Nicht-Vorhandenseins von Bildern oder Skulpturen nicht auf technisches Unvermögen hinweist (2001: 17). Im Bezug auf die Herero Gesellschaft in Namibia kann nicht von kompletter Nicht-Bildlichkeit gesprochen werden. Tatsächlich geschah die Aneignung der Photographie bereits im 19. Jhd; es wurden Portraits der gesellschaftlichen Elite hergestellt (siehe Silvester 1998 und Wallace 1998). Wir haben es auch nicht mit einer Gesellschaft zu tun, die sich einem Bilderverbot gebeugt hätte. Tatsächlich erscheint die Abwesenheit von Bildern – also beispielsweise traditioneller Skulptur oder Malerei - nur aus westlicher Sicht als Mangel. Dabei wird eine an materiellen Objekten orientierte Erinnerungskultur als Norm konstituiert, von der aus nicht an materielle Objekte gekoppeltes Erinnern als lückenhaft begriffen wird. Nichtsichtbare, immaterielle, kulturelle Produktionen, wie omitandu, also oral überlieferte Texte, die als ausserpersönliche Referenzpunkte und Plattformen des kollektiven Erinnerns operieren, werden dementsprechend oftmals übersehen, oder besser, aufgrund ihrer nicht-Sichtbarkeit, wie in diesem Falle, nicht wahrgenommen. Eine die Vergangenheit interpretierende, charakterisierende, diskursive und eben auch konservierende (erinnernde) Aneignung der Welt ist aber keineswegs notwendigerweise visuell. Anstelle des Abbildens oder Aneignens durch Bilder steht hier die kulturelle Aneignung der Welt durch Rede, performance und Dichtkunst, die bis heute nicht vollständig durch Bildmedien oder geschriebene Texte ersetzt wurde. BAB Working Paper 2006:05 Presented at the Basler Afrika Bibliographien 13 June 2006.</text>
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                <text>"In der heutigen Vorlesung möchte ich Sie auf eine etwas andere Reise durch namibische Landschaft nehmen, und ich möchte Ihnen dazu ein paar Dinge ins geistige Gepäck mitgeben: 1) Die anfänglich gezeigte Bilderschau hat verdeutlicht, dass namibische Landschaftsdarstellungen und -wahrnehmungen gegenwärtig wie historisch auf unterschiedlichen Medien basieren: Photographie und Malerei (auf Film kann ich heute nicht eingehen). Hinzu kommen literarische Texte, Reiseberichte, Abenteuerromane, usw. (Sie erinnern sich an meinen Hinweis auf Blixen und van der Post). All diese verschiedenen Medien und Genres tragen zu den realen und imaginären Bildern namibischer Landschaften bei. 2) Weder Malerei, Literatur, noch Photographie sind hermetische, in sich abgeschlossene und voneinander getrennte Medien. Vielmehr haben wir es historisch wie zeitgenössisch mit Intermedialitäten zu tun, also mit der gegenseitigen Durchdringung von Malerei, Photographie und Text. Diese Verflechtung und Verdichtung ist mit Blick auf Landschaft etwas ganz entscheidendes. 3) Die eben gezeigte Bilderschau spiegelt den europäischen (oder westlichen) Blick auf namibische Landschaften. Landschaft ist aber ein Genre und Medium, das in allen Gesellschaften und Kulturen vorkommt; es ist bei weitem kein „europäisches Phänomen“. Obschon ich heute in dieser Vorlesung nicht näher darauf eingehen kann, sind im südlichen Afrika afrikanische Perspektiven, Wahrnehmungen und Darstellungen von Landschaft etwas ganz zentrales, das sich wiederum in unterschiedlichen Medien artikuliert. Dag Henrichsen hat zum Beispiel auf die Bedeutung mündlicher Tradierungen, von Preisliedern und topographischem Wissen hingewiesen, die in Zentralnamibia im 19. Jahrhundert zur Formulierung historisch geschichteter Topologien führen: Narrative also, die Landschaft strukturieren, imaginieren und bei Bedarf sowohl ideologischen wie politischen Visionen zudienen können. 4) In der rezenteren theoretischen Diskussion über Landschaft hat sich eine These des bereits erwähnten Kulturwissenschaftler W.J.T. Mitchell durchgesetzt, dass nämlich Landschaft weniger als Genre zu verstehen, sondern vielmehr als Medium zu betrachten ist, also als ein System kultureller Codes, symbolischer Formen und Zeichen, mittels derer der Mensch seiner Umwelt Bedeutung zuschreibt und mittels derer er diese Bedeutung darzustellen und zu vermitteln sucht. Landschaft, so fasst es Mitchell prägnant zusammen ist also kein Substantiv, keine Sache, sondern ein Verb, etwas das man macht." BAB Working Paper 2014:01 Presented at the Voklshochschule Basel, 13 February 2014</text>
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                <text>"Das deutsche Ehepaar Anneliese Scherz (1900–1985) und Ernst Rudolf Scherz (1906–1981) verbrachte bis 1979 den Grossteil seines Lebens in «Südwest-Afrika», dem heutigen Namibia. Der promovierte Chemiker Ernst Rudolf Scherz war bereits 1933 aus Deutschland emigriert. 1938 reiste ihm seine Verlobte, die Fotografin Annemarie Scherz, aus Frankfurt a. O. nach. Ernst Rudolf Scherz engagierte sich im namibischen."Karakulschafzuchtverein, während seine Ehefrau ein Fotoatelier in Windhoek betrieb und gelegentlich Fotoreportagen in namibischen Zeitschriften publizierteIhr gemeinsames Interesse galt der Felsbildforschung. Auf seiner ersten wissenschaftlichen Expedition bereiste Scherz 1937 mit der amerikanischen Prähistorikerin Alice Bowler-Kelley (1894–1956) die Brandbergregion (Abb. 1, siehe Anhang).  Während der Forschungsreise fotografierte Scherz die Fundstellen mit seiner Kamera (Abb. 2 und 3).  Mangels eines systematischen Fundstellenkatalogs zur wissenschaftlichen Erforschung der Felsbilder beschloss der Amateurarchäologe, in Zusammenarbeit mit der «SWA Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft» in Windhoek sämtliche namibischen Felsbildfundstellen in einer Kartothek zu dokumentieren.</text>
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                <text>"The hybrid mix of authoritarianism and democracy disguised as specific form of “nationalism and national projects” (Ndlovu-Gathseni/Ndhlovu 2013) has been normalised in the postcolonial settings. In particular Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa, had relatively well-developed infrastructure and economies and relatively well educated populations; they emerged or consolidated at a time when the world order had decidedly become (at least formally) democratic. The notion of “good governance” was coined as the guiding principle issued by the hegemonic Western world (Abrahamsen 2000). None of these liberation movements as governments have been seriously threatened by a coup d’état. These countries were better placed than most other African states in their transition to democracies that were claiming to apply political equality in actual practice. Why have they failed to make this transformation more credible and convincing?"</text>
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                <text>Reference No. AA.5: The Archive of the Solidarity Group Medic’ Angola / Kämpfendes Afrika (Zurich 1971–1988)</text>
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                <text>Medic’ Angola came into being in 1971 in Zurich as a 'working group for medical support for the Angolan People.' From 1976, the group called itself Kämpfendes Afrika after the journal of the same name that had been published by Medic' Angola since November 1971. Kämpfendes Afrika was a political solidarity organization that devoted itself to the support of African Liberation Organizations in Switzerland. To this end, it set about building a dense network of contacts with several national liberation movements, especially in southern Africa. It supported these materially and financially and conducted intense publicity activities. This inventory lists an extensive archival collection on the solidarity group, which disbanded in 1988.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Dag Henrichsen</text>
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                <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2002</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>https://baslerafrika.ch/en/publishing-house/publications-shop/products/das-archiv-der-solidaritaetsgruppe-medicangola-kaempfendes-afrika-zuerich-1971-1988/</text>
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        <name>Angola</name>
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        <name>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</name>
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        <name>Cold War</name>
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        <name>Dag Henrichsen</name>
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        <name>Germany</name>
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        <name>Medic’ Angola</name>
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        <name>Solidarity</name>
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        <name>Switzerland</name>
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        <src>https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/c9b44f78dd508be2c3b4c54fd855b987.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien (BAB) is a centre of documentation and expertise on Namibia and southern Africa, located in Basel, Switzerland. The institution comprises an archive, a specialist library and a publishing house, in addition to offering scholarly, cultural and socio-political events.&#13;
&#13;
Its books and documents on Namibia are of international renown, and are known among experts as the most comprehensive documentation outside of Namibia. Among its holdings is a collection of rare books with volumes on Africa going back to the 16th century, a large collection of African posters and extensive historical archives of images, sound recordings, manuscripts and ephemera. Its collections are complemented by scholarly publication activities.</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                  <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>© Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>German, English</text>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Working Papers, Finding Aids, Books, Edited Collections</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2753">
                <text>Reference No. PA.1: Teilnachlass Fritz Gaerdes (1882–1975) im Personenarchiv der Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Dag Henrichsen</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2756">
                <text>© Basler Afrika Bibliographien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2757">
                <text>PDF</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758">
                <text>1988</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>German</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2760">
                <text>https://baslerafrika.ch/en/publishing-house/publications-shop/products/teilnachlass-fritz-gaerdes-1882-1975-im-personenarchiv-der-basler-afrika-bibliographien/</text>
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        <name>Archive</name>
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      <tag tagId="996">
        <name>Basler Afrika Bibliographien</name>
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      <tag tagId="1022">
        <name>Dag Henrichsen</name>
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      <tag tagId="1023">
        <name>Ethnology</name>
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      <tag tagId="1024">
        <name>Finding Aids</name>
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      <tag tagId="402">
        <name>Fritz Gaerdes</name>
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